How to Develop an Experiment About Gases

A mini-vacuum pump that can be used to investigate the relation between volume and pressure of gases.

Physical Properties of Gases 1. Gases take the shape and volume of their container. 2. Gases will mix evenly and completely when confined to same container. This means that if you mix two or more gases, they form a solution. Air is an example of a solution of gases, which is made up of oxygen, [...]

Chameleon Dyes

The pencil that changes color in the warm water has a yellow coat of paint which is covered with a paint continaing chameleon dye. This dye becomes transparent when warm, thus the yellow color of the pencil is visible.

Chameleon Dyes Note: I am revising the following information. I had the opportunity to speak with one of the directors of LCR Hallcrest, a company that makes chameleon dyes. The pencil on the left is covered with Leuco Dye. The pencils in the picture are called chameleon pencils. While  chameleons change colors in response to [...]

Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

This caricature of Dmitri Mendeleev shows the scientists standing in front of blocks of chemical elements.

Who Developed the Periodic Table of Elements? The periodic table of elements was designed independently about the same time by two different scientists. Credit is given to Dmitri Mendeleev, a professor of chemistry in St. Petersburg, Russia because he published the first version of the table in 1869. Julius Lothar Meyer (1830-1895), a chemistry professor [...]

States of Matter

The waterfall fills a pool and when the pool fills the water spills over the top, thus water takes up space.

What is Matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, such as water. The photo shows water first falling and filling and collecting at the bottom of the waterfall. When the collected water increases in volume, the water spills over a rock boundary. Water takes up space. Volume is the amount of [...]

How Energy Affects States of Matter

Ice is formed when water molecules linked forming hexagonal cells that build on each other in three dimensions.

  What Happens When A Substance Gains or Loses Energy?   For this article, heat will be the energy source and water molecules the substance gaining or losing energy. So, what happens when water molecules gain or lose energy? Energy is needed for motion, the more energy a substance has the faster is its motion. [...]

What is Electronegativity?

Electronegativity is the attraction that an atom has for electrons when combining with another atom. Atoms of different elements may have different electronegativities.   Trends in Electronegativity Within the Periodic Table

How Paper Absorbs Water

An animated diagram of water and fiber molecules. Fiber to water - adhesion, water to water-cohesion.

  How Does Water Move Through Paper? Paper is made of plant fibers. In the process of making paper, the fibers overlap forming a massive network of tunnels in all directions throughout the paper. The chemical molecules making up the fibers are attractive to water water molecules. Adhesion is the name of the force of [...]

Important Truth About Dihydrogenmonoxide (DHMO)

DHMO is water!

  Why All Americans Need a Better Understanding of Chemistry I have cut a section from an article about what is being touted as a very dangerous chemical. The name of this life threatening chemical is DHMO, dihydroxymonoxide. What is DHMO? DHMO IS WATER! DHMO or dihydroxymonoxide’s chemical formula has two hydrogens (di-hydrogen) and one [...]

Density: Dynamic Colored Diving Bubbles

How to Make Dynamic Colored Diving Bubbles

The video demonstrating how to make a bottle of dynamic colored diving bubbles. Dynamic: Something that is dynamic is in perpetual change, or motion, or progressing, etc.. The colored  water bubbles form when drops of food coloring are added to a bottle containing oil and water. Liquid food coloring is a mixture of a colorant [...]

Compounds: Hydrates

Dehydration of Hydrated Ccobalt Chloride

Chemistry Facts: Hydrates are chemicals that have water as part of their structure. If these chemical lose some or all of this water they change in appearance. Cobalt Chloride is an example of a chemical hydrate. When cobalt chloride is hydrated (having water) its color is pink. When cobalt chloride is dehydrated (loses water) its [...]